The debate began when Mangaradja Onggang Parlindungan published a 691-page book detailing the "terror" of the Hambali-school Padri movement in Batak lands between 1816 and 1833. MOP claimed that Tuanku Rao was a Batak nobleman named , a nephew of Sisingamangaraja X, who allegedly committed acts of extreme violence during the Islamization of the region.
, reframing it within the context of Islamic reform and the struggle against colonial/customary practices rather than pure "terror". ResearchGate 3. Academic Significance Defensive Historiography : Scholars from the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Universiti Malaysia Kelantan antara fakta dan khayal tuanku rao pdf
: Karena statusnya sebagai buku lawas dan langka, versi PDF sering kali ditemukan di repositori perpustakaan digital atau situs pengarsipan buku lama seperti Internet Archive Akses Fisik ResearchGate 3
The modern edition of the book is often published by Republika Penerbit and spans approximately 400 to 500 pages. It is available for digital reading through platforms like Bintangpusnas Edu from the National Library of Indonesia. a nephew of Sisingamangaraja X