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Would you like a condensed one-page summary table or a list of open-access PDF links (via DOI search) for the latest 2025–2026 papers on this topic?

Carbonate rocks, primarily and dolostone , differ from other sedimentary rocks because they are generally born from biological processes within the depositional environment rather than being transported from distant mountain ranges.

| Environment | Energy Level | Key Rock Types | Characteristics | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | Low / Intermittent | Mudstone, Stromatolites | Mudcracks, algal mats, birdseye vugs, dolomite common. | | Lagoon | Low | Wackestone, Packstone | Fine mud, protected fossils, peloids. | | Barrier / Shoal | High | Grainstone, Ooids | Cross-bedding, well-sorted sands, no mud. | | Reef / Slope | High / Complex | Boundstone, Rudstone | Massive fossils, debris flows, steep angles. | | Basin | Low | Micrite, Chert | Deep water, fine grained, rich in organic matter (source rocks). |