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: Animals can be trained using positive reinforcement to "station" or present body parts for blood draws and X-rays without the need for stressful physical restraint. Emerging Paradigms and Challenges (You can add some references here to make
The field of ethology (the scientific study of animal behavior) has revolutionized pain management. Historically, animals were often under-treated for pain because they didn't vocalize or react to palpation in ways humans recognize. Modern veterinary science now relies heavily on ethogram-based pain scales. (You can add some references here to make