For decades, the fields of animal behavior and veterinary science existed in relative isolation. On one side sat the vet, wielding a stethoscope and a scalpel, focused on pathogens, fractured bones, and cellular pathology. On the other side sat the ethologist or dog trainer, watching a wolf pack on the tundra or a parrot preening in a living room, focused on instinct, social hierarchy, and environmental enrichment.
Behavioral medicine is now a recognized specialty. Veterinarians in this field use a combination of: zooskool%2Ccom