The was a violent inter-ethnic conflict in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, primarily between the indigenous Dayak people and migrant Madurese settlers. It peaked in February 2001 and remains one of the darkest chapters in Indonesian history. Conflict Overview

On February 18, 2001, a fight broke out between a Dayak and a Madurese person, which quickly escalated into a larger conflict. The violence spread rapidly, with both communities attacking each other. The conflict lasted for several days, resulting in:

| Faktor | Penjelasan | | :--- | :--- | | | Madura menguasai sektor perdagangan kecil dan jasa, sementara Dayak merasa terpinggirkan di tanah sendiri. | | Lemahnya Penegakan Hukum | Sebelum 2001, konflik kecil selalu diselesaikan secara adat tanpa efek jera bagi pelaku kekerasan. | | Provokasi Aktor Tak Dikenal | Banyak saksi melaporkan adanya provokator yang menyebarkan isu SARA melalui selebaran dan pesan berantai (faktor link yang sering dilupakan). | | Kegagalan Komunikasi | Tidak ada "jembatan budaya" antara tokoh adat Dayak dan tokoh Madura. |

in Central Kalimantan, this inter-ethnic conflict between the indigenous people and migrant