In traditional cloud setups, you might download a JSON private key file and store it on the VM. That key becomes a liability: if the VM is compromised, the key is stolen.

curl "http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/default/token" \ -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" Use code with caution. Copied to clipboard Security Considerations

Zero's initial attempt failed because they didn't know about the header. But the attempt was logged.